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| }} | common_name = Iraqi Kurdistan | status = Autonomous region | image_flag = Flag of Kurdistan.svg | flag = Flag of Kurdistan | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Kurdistan.svg | symbol_type = Coat of arms | image_map = Iraqi Kurdistan in Iraq (de-facto and disputed hatched).svg | map_caption = | image_map2 = Iraqi Kurdistan on world map.png | national_anthem = ''Ey Reqîb'' | official_languages = Kurdish, Arabic | religion = Islam, Christianity, Yazdânism〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://cabinet.gov.krd/p/page.aspx?l=12&s=050000&r=310&p=220 )〕 | demonym = Kurd | capital = Erbil | latd = 36 |latm=11 |latNS=N |longd=44 |longm = 00 | longEW = E | largest_city = capital | government_type = |Parliamentary democracy | leader_title1 = President | leader_name1 = Masoud Barzani | leader_title2 = Prime Minister | leader_name2 = Nechervan Barzani | legislature = Parliament | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area_km2 = 78,736 (including disputed territories) | area_sq_mi = 30,399 | population_estimate = 8.35 million (2014)〔()〕 | established_event1 = Accord signed | established_date1 = March 11, 1970 | established_event2 = ''De facto'' autonomy | established_date2 = October, 1991 | established_event3 = Regional government established | established_date3 = July 4, 1992 | established_event4 = Transitional constitution | established_date4 = January 30, 2005 | established_GDP = 40 billion yearly | GDP_nominal_year = 2011 | GDP_nominal = $23.6 bn〔http://www.iraq-jccme.jp/pdf/arc/04_krg_Investment_factsheet_en.pdf〕 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $ 4,452 〔 |currency = Iraqi dinar |currency_code = IQD |country_code = IRQ |drives_on = right | time_zone = GMT | utc_offset = +3 | time_zone_DST = not observed | utc_offset_DST = +3 |calling_code = +964 | cctld = .krd}} Iraqi Kurdistan or Southern Kurdistan ((クルド語:باشووری کوردستان), ''Başûrê Kurdistanê''; (アラビア語:كردستان الجنوبية), ''Kurdistān al-Janūbiyyah''), officially known as the Kurdistan Region〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.iraqinationality.gov.iq/attach/iraqi_constitution.pdf )〕 ((クルド語:ههرێمی کوردستان), ''Herêmî Kurdistan''; (アラビア語:إقليم كردستان), ''Iqlīm Kurdistān''), is the only autonomous region of Iraq. It borders the Kurdish regions of Iran to the east, Turkey to the north, and Syria to the west, along with the rest of Iraq to the south. The regional capital is Erbil. The region is officially governed by the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG). Kurdistan is a parliamentary democracy with a regional assembly that consists of 111 seats.〔.〕 Masoud Barzani, who was initially elected as president in 2005, was re-elected in 2009. In August 2013 the parliament extended his presidency for another two years. His presidency concluded on 19 August 2015 after the political parties failed to reach an agreement over extending his presidency term. The new Iraqi constitution defines the Kurdistan Region as a federal entity of Iraq, and establishes Kurdish and Arabic as Iraq's joint official languages. The four governorates of Duhok, Hawler, Silemani, and Halabja comprise around and have a population of 8.35 million (2013 estimate). In 2014, during the 2014 Iraq Crisis, Iraqi Kurdistan's forces also took over much of the disputed territories of Northern Iraq. The establishment of the Kurdistan Region dates back to the March 1970 autonomy agreement between the Kurdish opposition and the Iraqi government after years of heavy fighting. The agreement however failed to be implemented and by 1974 Northern Iraq plunged into another round of bloody conflict between the Kurds and the Arab-dominated government of Iraq. Further, the 1980–88 Iran–Iraq War and especially the Anfal genocide campaign of the Iraqi army devastated the population and nature of Iraqi Kurdistan. Following the 1991 uprising of Kurds in the north and Shias in the south against Saddam Hussein, the Peshmerga succeeded in pushing out the main Iraqi forces from the north. Despite significant casualties and the crisis of refugees in bordering regions of Iran and Turkey, the Peshmerga success and establishment of the northern no-fly zone following the First Gulf War in 1991 created the basis for Kurdish self-rule and facilitated the return of Kurdish refugees. As Kurds continued to fight government troops, Iraqi forces finally left Kurdistan in October 1991, leaving the region with ''de facto'' autonomy. In 1992, Kurdish major political movements of KDP and PUK established the semi-autonomous Kurdistan Regional Government. The 2003 invasion of Iraq and the subsequent political changes led to the ratification of a new Constitution of Iraq in 2005. Kurds generally consider Iraqi Kurdistan (Southern Kurdistan) to be one of the four parts of a greater Kurdistan, which also includes parts of southeastern Turkey (Northern Kurdistan), northern Syria (Western Kurdistan), and western Iran (Eastern Kurdistan).〔''Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland'', (2014), by Ofra Bengio, University of Texas Press〕 ==Etymology== The name "Kurdistan" literally means ''Land of the Kurds''. The suffix -stan is Iranian for "place of" or "country". In the Iraqi constitution, it is referred to as the "Kurdistan Region". The full name of the government is the "Kurdistan Regional Government", abbreviated "KRG". Kurds also refer to the region as ''Başûrê Kurdistanê'' or ''Başûrî Kurdistan'' ("Southern Kurdistan") referring to its geographical location within the whole of the Greater Kurdistan Region. During the Baath Party administration in the 1970s and 1980s, the region was called the "Kurdish Autonomous Region". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Iraqi Kurdistan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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